Thursday, 10 September 2015

final second paragraph: evidence against suicide

While there are aspects of the suicide theory that support Monroe’s death being result of her self-administration of the drug Nembutal, there are many aspects of the theory that are flawed. The suspicious crime scene and Monroe’s unusual behaviours pose questions as to whether she did take her own life, while the disappearances of Monroe’s organs and tissues from her autopsy and the absence of pill residue in the stomach suggest that the death may not have been the result of suicide. Authorities officially reported Monroe’s death as a pill overdose, however Monroe, “apparently was known to struggle with washing down pills and needed big gulps of water”[1]. Monroe allegedly swallowed approximately sixty to seventy Nembutal pills to end her life, yet when police searched her room after her body had been found, there was no glass of water in sight. “Mysteriously a glass was later found on the floor by her bed but police swear that it wasn’t there when they first searched the room”[2], adding to suspicions that her death was not self-inflicted. Most sources agree that Monroe’s body was found at approximately 0300, however the time at which the police were notified varies vastly. The documentary Marilyn Monroe: The Ultimate Investigation Into A Suspicious Death stated that the police were not notified until at least 0420, over an hour after the body had been discovered. The lack of one consistent reported time of police arrival could suggest that there is more to the story of Monroe’s death than has been unveiled to the public and one of the many theories is that she was murdered due to her involvement with the Kennedy brothers. Another contributing factor adding to doubts Monroe’s death was suicide is her purchase of an expensive chest of drawers the day prior to her death, “an act Harvard-trained Dr S. David Bernstein believes is inconsistent with someone contemplating suicide” [3]. John Miner, a former prosecutor in Los Angeles, was present during the investigations surrounding Monroe’s death and publicly concluded that he believed Marilyn Monroe had been murdered. As a witness of the events, it is highly intriguing that Miner is so conclusive on Monroe’s death, and a strong supporter for the argument that Monroe did not commit suicide. Miner repeatedly commented on the disappearances of many of Monroe’s organs, leading him to conclude that Monroe had not committed suicide, but had been murdered. Many believe that Monroe’s death was not a result of suicide, and supportive evidence such as Monroe’s; situational factors of the time, organs being misplaced surrounding the autopsy, and the lack of pill residue in her stomach suggest her death was not a result of suicide.



(Accessed 01/09/15).
[2] Ibid.
[3] Daily Mail, Marilyn Monroe's Final Purchase Shows She Was NOT About To Commit Suicide,

final first paragraph: evidence for suicide

Reports at the time stated Monroe’s death was, “probable suicide”[1], which was widely accepted at the time of death, and has some evidence to support the theory, however, even now, it is not conclusive. Factors such as; Monroe’s family history of mental illness, her variation in normal behaviour prior to her death, the volume of pills consumed and her mental state at the time, support the suicide theory. Monroe had an unstable upbringing, suffering from sexual abuse and being passed from house to house during her childhood, which significantly impacted her mental state causing her to develop an unhealthy idea about functional relationships. It is known that her mother and two of her grandparents had suffered from depression. “Over 90% of people who engage in suicidal behaviours have a psychiatric disorder. Mood disorders, specifically depression, are the most common diagnoses, followed by substance abuse, disruptive behaviour and anxiety disorders”[2], all of which Monroe potentially suffered; although she may have inherited certain disorders, while others were developed through her lifestyle. Besides these long-term preconditions, which support the suicide theory, there are also a number of immediate factors that enforce this theory. It was known by those living at her residence that Monroe commonly slept with the door unlocked, but closed, however, on the night of her death there are many claims that state her door was locked, a variation in normal behaviour that could suggest her death was a result of suicide. Robert Litman, psychiatrist and member of the suicide team on the case stated that the locking of the door could, “suggest intention to die”[3]. Friends of Monroe have claimed Ralph Greenson, Monroe’s psychiatrist at the time, had began controlling and getting Monroe heavily addicted to sleeping pills, increasing her accessibility so she had a constant supply of drugs such as Librium and Nembutal. The results of testing shown in the UNsolved History documentary suggest that Monroe would have been unconscious before consuming the remaining twelve pills that would be needed to be fatal if her death was unintentional and she had simply been forgetting she had consumed her medication, implying all pills would have needed to be consumed at once. The last known person whom she corresponded with was Peter Lawford, who stated, “her voice was slurred, and trailed off”[4], at around the time of 9pm. If this statement is accurate, Lawford might have been the last person Monroe contacted before her time of death. A contributing factor, which could have lead to Monroe’s increasingly unstable mental health, was her recent firing from the Twentieth Century Fox film, Something’s Got to Give. Monroe, “showed up for work only six days during the month of May”[5], and her lack of appearance and dedication to the film left producers frustrated. On June 7, Monroe was fired from the film and was subsequently sued by the studio for contract breach, leaving her reputation damaged, and significantly declining her already feeble mental state. The firing of Monroe contributed to theories that her death was a result of suicide, as her mental health would have been severely affected by such an event. Additionally, official autopsy reports rule out murder by injection as a viable option, as she had no visible needle marks on her skin. Although some evidence supports the official report’s conclusion that Monroe’s death was probable suicide, this evidence is not strong enough to eliminate all doubt and therefore the theory can never be considered conclusive.



[1] Marilyn Monroe Autopsy Reports, Coroner County of Los Angeles Medical Report, http://www.autopsyfiles.org/reports/Celebs/monroe,%20marilyn_report.pdf,
(Accessed 30/08/15).
[2] Stephen E. Brock (etc.), Suicidal Ideation and Behaviours, http://www.nasponline.org/resources/intonline/nas-cbiii-05-1001-017-r02.pdf, (Accessed 02/09/2015).
[3] Marilyn Monroe History, The Death Of Marilyn Monroe - Conspiracy Theories, 35:06, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZfH7SzDiSiY, (Accessed 03/08/15). 
[4] Ibid. 45:00.
[5] How Stuff Works, Marilyn Monroe's Final Years, http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/marilyn-monroe-final-years5.htm, (Accessed 08/09/15).

final introduction

On August 5 1962, film star Marilyn Monroe, “was found lying naked in her bed with an empty bottle of Nembutal[1] sleeping pills by her side”[2], and, “after a brief investigation, Los Angeles police concluded that her death was caused by a self-administered overdose of sedative drugs and that the mode of death is probable suicide”[3]. Speculation surrounding Monroe’s death resulted in a number of theories arising, ranging from suicide, to unpleasant suspicions that Monroe was murdered, as the official reports lack conclusive evidence, aiding speculations which have captivated millions for over fifty years. As the available evidence is limited, historians must be critical as to whether sources show bias or are presenting information that is best suited to their own personal agendas, such as John Miner, a witness of the autopsy, spoke out on his belief that Monroe was murdered, while UNsolved History explores numerous theories and provides supportive points that Monroe’s death was as officially reported. The theories and supporting evidence of one source habitually contradicts that of another, and comparisons are needed in order to establish which sources are more reliable.  The evidence supporting the theory that Marilyn Monroe’s death was due to suicide is inconclusive, and thus the mystery remains unsolved due to the supporting evidence available for various theories.



[1] The drug sodium pentobarbitone
[2] On This Day BBC, 1962: Marilyn Monroe Found Dead,
[3] History: This day in History, Marilyn Monroe Is Found Dead, http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/marilyn-monroe-is-found-dead, (Accessed 03/08/15).

Final bibliography


EBooks/PDFs:

Autopsy Files, Marilyn Monroe Death Certificate. http://www.autopsyfiles.org/reports/deathcert/monroe,%20marilyn_dc.pdf. (Accessed 02/07/15).

Clare Booth Luce, LIFE, What Really Killed Marilyn.

David Marshall, The DD Group, AN Online Investigation Into The Death Of Marilyn Monroe. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=kVZz9cPVs_0C&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PT402.w.1.0.88. (Accessed 03/09/15).

Marilyn Monroe Autopsy Reports, Coroner County of Los Angeles Medical Report. http://www.autopsyfiles.org/reports/Celebs/monroe,%20marilyn_report.pdf. (Accessed 30/08/15).

Stephen E. Brock (etc.), Suicidal Ideation and Behaviours. http://www.nasponline.org/resources/intonline/nas-cbiii-05-1001-017-r02.pdf. (Accessed 02/09/2015).


Websites:

About Education, Marilyn Monroe: Biography of the Model, Actress, and Sex Symbol. http://history1900s.about.com/od/people/a/MarilynMonroe.htm. (Accessed 08/09/15).

British Pathé, Monroe’s Last Night. https://britishpathe.wordpress.com/2012/08/07/marilyn-monroes-last-night/. (Accessed 01/09/15).

Daily Mail, Marilyn Monroe's Final Purchase Shows She Was NOT About To Commit Suicide. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2169970/Marilyn-Monroes-final-purchase-shows-NOT-commit-suicide-claims-psychologist.html. (Accessed 08/09/15).

Express, The Tragic Death of Marilyn Monroe: How The Daily Express Reported It Fifty-Two Years Ago. http://www.express.co.uk/news/history/513624/Marilyn-Monroe-daily-express-1962-historic-edition. (Accessed 03/07/15).

History: This day in History, Marilyn Monroe Is Found Dead. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/marilyn-monroe-is-found-dead. (Accessed 03/08/15).

How Stuff Works, Marilyn Monroe's Final Years. http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/marilyn-monroe-final-years5.htm. (Accessed 08/09/15).

Margot A. Henriksen, American National Biography Online, Marilyn Monroe. http://www.anb.org/articles/18/18-00856.html. (Accessed 07/09/15).

On This Day BBC, 1962: Marilyn Monroe Found Dead. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/5/newsid_2657000/2657289.stm. (Accessed 02/07/15).

The Guardian, From The Archive: 6 August 1962: Marilyn Monroe Is Dead. http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/aug/06/marilyn-monroe-dead-film-movies. (Accessed 30/07/15).


Youtube Videos:

Juan Carlos Vicente, Rare! Marilyn Monroe "The Last Days" Parts One to Nine. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSxI_HIYBk0. (Accessed 20/07/15).

Marilyn Monroe History, The Death Of Marilyn Monroe - Conspiracy Theories, 35:06. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZfH7SzDiSiY. (Accessed 03/08/15). 


Marilyn Monroe History, Marilyn Monroe – The Ultimate Investigation Into A Suspicious Death. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVyOmjWeYP0. (Accessed 03/07/15).

Marilyn Monroe - What Really Happened The Night She Died, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V63dc1ris6I. (Accessed 20/07/15).

The Death Of Marilyn Monroe - Conspiracy Theories August 4th 1962.









August:

6th: 2 hours
Youtube documentaries

9th: 30 minutes
working on paragraphs and researching

18th: 30 minutes
working on paragraphs and researching

20th: 1 hour
working on paragraphs- reshuffle, after discussion with teacher found new ways to divide my information: suicide evidence, suicide errors, murder theory

21st: 1 hour
working on paragraphs and researching

22nd: 45 minutes
second paragraph

26th: 50 minutes
working on paragraphs and researching

September:

1st: 2 hours
writing paragraphs and researching

2nd: 1 hour
reading work allowed to find errors, adjusting the flow of each sentence

3rd: 1 hour
editing work so far

4th: 1 hour
writing paragraphs and researching

6th: 3 hours
reading

8th: 2 hours
Youtube documentaries

9th: 2 hours
Final paragraph

10th: 5 hours
reshuffling and editing, peer review fix ups

11th/12th: 7 hours
finalising bibliography and writing conclusion

Tuesday, 4 August 2015

videos to watch:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NnAhE6IADts

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVyOmjWeYP0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc_3SYInn9g

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L05TYBXwU3A